Presenting the first Union Budget of the third decade of the 21st century, Finance Minister Smt. Nirmala Sitharaman unveiled a series of far-reaching reforms, aimed at energizing the Indian economy through a combination of short-term, medium-term, and long term measures. Here is the Union Budget 2020-21 Highlights.
Theme of Union Budget 2020-21
The budget is woven around three prominent themes:
- Aspirational India in which all sections of the society seek better standards of living, with access to health, education and better jobs.
- Economic development for all, indicated in the Prime Minister’s exhortation of “Sabka Saath, Sabka Vikas, Sabka Vishwas”.
- Caring Society that is both humane and compassionate, where Antyodaya is an article of faith
Three prominent themes of the Budget
- Aspirational India – better standards of living with access to health, education and better jobs for all sections of the society
- Economic Development for all – “Sabka Saath , Sabka Vikas , Sabka Vishwas”.
- Caring Society – both humane and compassionate; Antyodaya as an article of
- Three broad themes are held together by:
- Corruption free, policy-driven Good
- Clean and sound financial sector.
- Ease of Living underlined by the three themes of Union Budget 2020-21.
Three components of Aspirational India
- Agriculture, Irrigation, and Rural Development
- Wellness, Water, and Sanitation
- Education and Skills
Sixteen Action Points for Agriculture, Irrigation and Rural Development
- 2.83 lakh crore to be allocated for the following 16 Action Points:
- 1.60 lakh crore for Agriculture, Irrigation & allied activities.
- 1.23 lakh crore for Rural development & Panchayati Raj. –
- Agriculture credit:
- 15 lakh crore target set for the year 2020-21.
- PM-KISAN beneficiaries to be covered under the KCC
- NABARD Re-finance Scheme to be further
- Comprehensive measures for 100 water-stressed districts proposed.
- Blue Economy:
- 1 lakh crore fisheries’ exports to be achieved by 2024-25.
- 200 lakh tonnes fish production targeted by 2022-23.
- 3477 Sagar Mitras and 500 Fish Farmer Producer Organisations to involve youth in fisheries
- Growing of algae, sea-weed and cage culture to be
- Framework for development, management and conservation of marine fishery resources.
- Kisan Rail to be setup by Indian Railways through PPP:
- To build a seamless national cold supply chain for perishables (milk, meat, fish, etc.
- Express and Freight trains to have refrigerated
- Krishi Udaan to be launched by the Ministry of Civil Aviation:
- Both international and national routes to be
- North-East and tribal districts to realize Improved value of agri-products.
- One-Product One-District for better marketing and export in the Horticulture
- Balanced use of all kinds of fertilizers – traditional organic and innovative
- Measures for organic, natural, and integrated farming:
- Jaivik Kheti Portal – online national organic products market to be
- Zero-Budget Natural Farming (mentioned in July 2019 Budget) to be
- Integrated Farming Systems in rain-fed areas to be expanded.
- Multi-tier cropping, bee-keeping, solar pumps, solar energy production in non- cropping season to be
- PM-KUSUM to be expanded:
- 20 lakh farmers to be provided for setting up stand-alone solar
- Another 15 lakh farmers to be helped to solarise their grid-connected pump
- Scheme to enable farmers to set up solar power generation capacity on their fallow/barren lands and to sell it to the
- Village Storage Scheme:
- To be run by the SHGs to provide farmers a good holding capacity and reduce their logistics
- Women, SHGs to regain their position as Dhaanya Lakshmi.
- NABARD to map and geo-tag agri-warehouses, cold storages, reefer van facilities,
- Warehousing in line with Warehouse Development and Regulatory Authority (WDRA) norms:
- Viability Gap Funding for setting up such efficient warehouses at the block/taluk level.
- Food Corporation of India (FCI) and Central Warehousing Corporation (CWC) to undertake such warehouse
- Financing on Negotiable Warehousing Receipts (e-NWR) to be integrated with e-NAM.
- State governments who undertake implementation of model laws (issued by the Central government) to be
- Livestock:
- Doubling of milk processing capacity to 108 million MT from 53.5 million MT by
- Artificial insemination to be increased to 70% from the present 30%.
- MNREGS to be dovetailed to develop fodder
- Foot and Mouth Disease, Brucellosis in cattle and Peste Des Petits ruminants (PPR) in sheep and goat to be eliminated by
- Deen Dayal Antyodaya Yojana – 0.5 crore households mobilized with 58 lakh SHGs for poverty
Wellness, Water and Sanitation
- 69,000 crore allocated for overall Healthcare sector.
- 6400 crore (out of Rs. 69,000 crore) for PM Jan Arogya Yojana (PMJAY):
- More than 20,000 hospitals already empanelled under PM Jan Arogya Yojana (PMJAY).
- Viability Gap Funding window proposed for setting up hospitals in the PPP
- Aspirational Districts with no Ayushman empanelled hospitals to be covered in the first
- Targeting diseases with an appropriately designed preventive regime using Machine Learning and
- Jan Aushadhi Kendra Scheme to offer 2000 medicines and 300 surgicals in all districts by
- TB Harega Desh Jeetega campaign launched – commitment to end Tuberculosis by 2025.
- 3.60 lakh crore approved for Jal Jeevan Mission:
- 11,500 crore for the year 2020-21.
- Augmenting local water sources, recharging existing sources, and promoting water harvesting and de-salination.
- Cities with million-plus population to be encouraged to achieve the objective during the current year
- 12, 300 crore allocation for Swachh Bharat Mission in 2020-21:
- Committment to ODF-Plus in order to sustain ODF
- Emphasis on liquid and grey water
- Focus also on Solid-waste collection, source segregation, and
Education and Skills
- 99,300 crore for education sector and Rs. 3000 crore for skill development in 2020- 21.
- New Education Policy to be announced
- National Police University and National Forensic Science University proposed for policing science, forensic science, and cyber-forensics.
- Degree level full-fledged online education program by Top-100 institutions in the National Institutional Ranking
- Up to 1-year internship to fresh engineers to be provided by Urban Local
- Budget proposes to attach a medical college to an existing district hospital in PPP
- Special bridge courses to be designed by the Ministries of Health, and Skill Development:
- To fulfill the demand for teachers, nurses, para-medical staff and care-givers abroad.
- To bring in equivalence in the skill sets of the workforce and employers’ standards.
- 150 higher educational institutions to start apprenticeship embedded degree/diploma courses by March
- External Commercial Borrowings and FDI to be enabled for education
- Ind-SAT proposed for Asian and African countries as a part of Study in India
Economic Development
Industry, Commerce and Investment
- 27,300 crore allocated for 2020-21 for development and promotion of Industry and Commerce.
- Investment Clearance Cell proposed to be set up:
- To provide “end to end” facilitation and
- To work through a
- Five new smart cities proposed to be
- Scheme to encourage manufacture of mobile phones, electronic equipment and semi- conductor packaging
- National Technical Textiles Mission to be set up:
- With four-year implementation period from 2020-21 to 2023-24.
- At an estimated outlay of Rs 1480
- To position India as a global leader in Technical
- New scheme NIRVIK to be launched to achieve higher export credit disbursement, which provides for:
- Higher insurance coverage
- Reduction in premium for small exporters
- Simplified procedure for claim
- Turnover of Government e-Marketplace (GeM) proposed to be taken to Rs 3 lakh
- Scheme for Revision of duties and taxes on exported products to be
- Exporters to be digitally refunded duties and taxes levied at the Central, State and local levels, which are otherwise not exempted or
- All Ministries to issue quality standard orders as per PM’s vision of “Zero Defect-Zero Effect”
Infrastructure
- 100 lakh crore to be invested on infrastructure over the next 5 years.
- National Infrastructure Pipeline:
- 103 lakh crore worth projects; launched on 31st December 2019.
- More than 6500 projects across sectors, to be classified as per their size and stage of
- A National Logistics Policy to be released soon:
- To clarify roles of the Union Government, State Governments and key
- A single window e-logistics market to be created
- Focus to be on generation of employment, skills and making MSMEs competitive.
- National Skill Development Agency to give special thrust to infrastructure-focused skill development
- Project preparation facility for infrastructure projects
- To actively involve young engineers, management graduates and economists from
- Infrastructure agencies of the government to involve youth-power in start-ups.
- 1.7 lakh crore proposed for transport infrastructure in 2020-21.
Highways
- Accelerated development of highways to be undertaken, including:
- 2500 Km access control
- 9000 Km of economic
- 2000 Km of coastal and land port
- 2000 Km of strategic
- Delhi-Mumbai Expressway and two other packages to be completed by
- Chennai-Bengaluru Expressway to be
- Proposed to monetise at least 12 lots of highway bundles of over 6000 Km before
Indian Railways
- Five measures:
- Large solar power capacity to be set up alongside rail tracks, on land owned by railways.
- Four station re-development projects and operation of 150 passenger trains through
- More Tejas type trains to connect iconic tourist
- High speed train between Mumbai and Ahmedabad to be actively
- 148 km long Bengaluru Suburban transport project at a cost of Rs 18600 crore, to have fares on metro model. Central Government to provide 20% of equity and facilitate external assistance up to 60% of the project
- Indian Railways’ achievements:
- 550 Wi-fi facilities commissioned in as many
- Zero unmanned crossings.
- 27000 Km of tracks to be
Ports & Water-ways
- Corporatizing at least one major port and its listing on stock exchanges to be
- Governance framework keeping with global benchmarks needed for more efficient sea- ports.
- Economic activity along river banks to be energised as per Prime Minister’s Arth Ganga concept.
Airports
- 100 more airports to be developed by 2024 to support Udaan
- Air fleet number expected to go up from present 600 to 1200 during this
Electricity
- “Smart” metering to be
- More measures to reform DISCOMs to be
Power
- 22, 000 crore proposed for power and renewable energy sector in 2020-21.
- Expansion of national gas grid from the present 16200 km to 27000 km
- Further reforms to facilitate transparent price discovery and ease of
New Economy
- To take advantage of new technologies:
- Policy to enable private sector to build Data Centre parks throughout the country to be brought out
- Fibre to the Home (FTTH) connections through Bharatnet to link 100,000 gram panchayats this
- 6000 crore proposed for Bharatnet programme in 2020-21.
- Measures proposed to benefit Start-ups:
- A digital platform to be promoted to facilitate seamless application and capture of IPRs.
- Knowledge Translation Clusters to be set up across different technology sectors including new and emerging
- For designing, fabrication and validation of proof of concept, and further scaling up Technology Clusters, harbouring test beds and small scale manufacturing facilities to be
- Mapping of India’s genetic landscape- Two new national level Science Schemes to be initiated to create a comprehensive database.
- Early life funding proposed, including a seed fund to support ideation and development of early stage Start-ups.
- 8000 crore proposed over five years for National Mission on Quantum Technologies and Applications.
Caring Society
- Focus on:
- Women & child,
- Social Welfare;
- Culture and Tourism
- Allocation of Rs. 35,600 crore for nutrition-related programmes proposed for the FY2020-21.
- 28, 600 crore proposed for women specific programs.
- Issue about age of a girl entering motherhood – proposed to appoint a task force to present its recommendations in six months’ time.
- Financial support for wider acceptance of technologies, identified by Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs to ensure no manual cleaning of sewer systems or septic tanks, to be provided.
- 85, 000 crore proposed for 2020-21 for welfare of Scheduled Castes and Other Backward Classes.
- 53, 700 crore provided to further development and welfare of Scheduled Tribes.
- Enhanced allocation of Rs. 9,500 crore provided for 2020-21 for senior citizens and Divyang.
Culture & Tourism
- Allocation of Rs. 2500 crore for 2020-21 for tourism
- 3150 crore proposed for Ministry of Culture for 2020-21.
- An Indian Institute of Heritage and Conservation under Ministry of Culture proposed; with the status of a deemed
- 5 archaeological sites to be developed as iconic sites with on-site Museums:
- Rakhigarhi (Haryana)
- Hastinapur (Uttar Pradesh)
- Shivsagar (Assam)
- Dholavira (Gujarat)
- Adichanallur (Tamil Nadu)
- Re-curation of the Indian Museum in Kolkata, announced by Prime Minister in January 2020.
- Museum on Numismatics and Trade to be located in the historic Old Mint building in Kolkata.
- 4 more museums from across the country to be taken up for renovation and re-curation.
- Support for setting up of a Tribal Museum in Ranchi (Jharkhand).
- Maritime museum to be set up at Lothal- the Harrapan age maritime site near Ahmedabad, by Ministry of
- State governments expected to develop a roadmap for certain identified destinations and formulate financial plans during 2021 against which specified grants to be made available to the States in 2020-21.
Environment & Climate Change
- Allocation for this purpose to be Rs.4400 crore for 2020-21.
- Proposed to advise the utilities to close the running old thermal power plants with carbon emission above the pre-set
- States that are formulating and implementing plans for ensuring cleaner air in cities above one million to be
- PM launched Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI) with Secretariat in Delhi. Second such international initiative after International Solar
Governance
- Clean, corruption-free, policy driven, good in intent and most importantly trusting in faith.
- Taxpayer Charter to be enshrined in the Statute will bring fairness and efficiency in tax administration.
- Companies Act to be amended to build into statues, criminal liability for certain acts that are civil in
- Other laws with such provisions are to be corrected after
- Major reforms in recruitment to Non-Gazetted posts in Government and Public sector banks:
- An independent, professional and specialist National Recruitment Agency (NRA)
for conducting a computer-based online Common Eligibility Test for recruitment.
- A test-centre in every district, particularly in the Aspirational
- A robust mechanism to be evolved for appointment including direct recruitment to various Tribunals and specialised bodies to attract best talents and professional
- Contract Act to be
- New National Policy on Official Statistics to:
-
- Promote use of latest technologies including
- Lay down a road-map towards modernised data collection, integrated information portal and timely dissemination of
- A sum of Rs. 100 crore allocated to begin the preparations for G20 presidency to be hosted in India in the year
- Development of North East region:
- Improved flow of funds using online portal by the
- Greater access to financial assistance of Multilateral and Bilateral funding agencies.
- Development of Union Territories of J&K and Ladakh:
- An amount of Rs. 30,757 crore provided for the financial year 2020-21.
- The Union Territory of Ladakh has been provided with Rs. 5,958.
Financial Sector
- Reforms accomplished in PSBs :
- 10 banks consolidated into
- 3,50,000 crore capital infused.
- Governance reforms to be carried out to bring in transparency and greater professionalism in
- Few PSBs to be encouraged to approach the capital market to raise additional capital
- Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation (DICGC) permitted to increase Deposit Insurance Coverage to Rs. 5 lakh from Rs.1 lakh per
- Scheduled Commercial Bank’s health under monitoring through a robust mechanism, keeping depositors’ money
- Cooperative Banks to be strengthen by amending Banking Regulation Act for:
- Increasing
- Enabling access to
- Improving governance and oversight for sound banking through the
- NBFCs eligibility limit for debt recovery reduced from:
- 500 crore to Rs 100 crore asset size.
- Rs 1 crore to Rs 50 lakh loan
- Private capital in Banking system:
- Government to sell its balance holding in IDBI Bank to private, retail and institutional investors through the stock exchange.
- Easier mobility in jobs:
- Auto-enrolment in Universal Pension coverage.
- Inter-operability mechanism to safeguard the accumulated
- Pension Fund Regulatory Development Authority of India Act to be amended to:
- Strengthen regulating role of
- Facilitate separation of NPS trust for government employees from
- Enable establishment of a Pension Trust by the employees other than Government.
- Factor Regulation Act 2011 to be amended to:
- Enable NBFCs to extend invoice financing to the MSMEs through TReDS
- New scheme to provide subordinate debt for entrepreneurs of MSMEs by the banks
- Would be counted as quasi-equity.
- Would be fully guaranteed through the Credit Guarantee Trust for Medium and Small Entrepreneurs (CGTMSE).
- The corpus of the CGTMSE would accordingly be augmented by the
- Window for MSME’s debt restructuring by RBI to be extended by one year till March 31, 2021.
- More than five lakh MSMEs have already been
- An app-based invoice financing loans product for MSMEs to be
- To prevent the problem of delayed payments and consequential cash flows mismatches.
- Export promotion of MSMEs:
- For selected sector such as pharmaceuticals, auto components and
- An Rs 1000 crore scheme anchored by EXIM Bank together with
- Hand holding support for technology upgradations, R&D, business strategy
Financial Market
- Deepening Bond
- Certain specified categories of Government securities to be opened fully for non – resident investors also.
- FPI limit in corporate bonds increased to 15% from 9% of its outstanding
- New legislation to be formulated for laying down a mechanism for netting of financial contracts.
- Scope of credit default swaps to
- Debt Based Exchange Traded Fund expanded by a new Debt-ETF consisting primarily of Government
- To give attractive access to retail investors, pension funds and long-term investors.
- A Partial Credit Guarantee scheme for the NBFCs formulated post the Union budget 2019-20 to address their liquidity
- New mechanism to be devised to further
- Government support to securities so
Infrastructure Financing
- 103 lakh crore National Infrastructure Pipeline projects earlier announced.
- Rs 22,000 crore to cater to the equity support to Infrastructure Finance Companies such as IIFCL and a subsidiary of
- IFSC, GIFT city: full of potential to become a centre of international finance as well as a centre for high end data processing:
- An International Bullion exchange(s) to be set up as an additional option for trade by global market participants with the approval of
Disinvestment
- Government to sell a part of its holding in LIC by way of Initial Public Offer (IPO).
Fiscal Management
- XV Finance Commission (FC):
- XV Finance Commission has given its first report for FY2020-21
- Recommendations accepted in substantial measure
- Its final report for five years beginning 2021-22 to be submitted during the latter part of the
- GST Compensation Fund:
- Balances due out of collection of the years 2016-17 and 2017-18 to be transferred to the Fund, in two
- Hereinafter, transfers to the fund to be limited only to collection by way of GST compensation
- Overhaul of Centrally Sponsored Schemes and Central Sector Schemes necessary:
- To align them with emerging social and economic needs of tomorrow
- To ensure that scarce public resources are spent optimally
- On the recent debate over transparency and credibility of projected fiscal numbers, it is assured that procedure adopted is compliant with the FRBM
- For the FY 2019-20:
- Revised Estimates of Expenditure: at Rs.26.99 lakh crore
- Revised Estimates of Receipts: estimated at Rs.19.32 lakh
- For year 2020-21:
- Nominal growth of GDP estimated at 10%.
- Receipts: estimated at Rs.22.46 lakh cr
- Expenditure: at Rs.30.42 lakh
- Significant tax reforms for boosting investments recently undertaken. However, expected tax buoyancy expected to take
- Fiscal deficit of 8% estimated in RE 2019-20 and 3.5% for BE 2020-21. It comprises two ingredients;
- 3% for year 2019-20 and 3% for the 2020-21 budget estimate.
- Deviation of 0.5%, consistent with Section 4(3) of FRBM Act, both for RE 2019- 20 and BE 2020-21. (Section 4 (2) of the FRBM Act provides for a trigger mechanism for a deviation from the estimated fiscal deficit on account of structural reforms in the economy with unanticipated fiscal )
- Return path, committing to fiscal consolidation without compromising needs of investment out of public funds, is laid in Medium Term Fiscal Policy cum Strategy
- Market borrowings: Net market borrowings: Rs.4.99 lakh crore for 2019-20 and Rs.5.36 lakh crore for 2020-21.
- A good part of the borrowings for the financial year 2020-21 to go towards Capital expenditure that has been scaled up by more than 21%.
Direct Tax
Direct Tax Proposals – To stimulate growth, simplify tax structure, bring ease of compliance, and reduce litigations.
- Personal Income Tax:
- Significant relief to middle class taxpayers.
- New and simplified personal income tax regime proposed:
| Taxable Income Slab (Rs.) |
Existing tax rates |
New tax rates |
| 0-2.5 Lakh |
Exempt |
Exempt |
| 2.5-5 Lakh |
5% |
5% |
| 5-7.5 Lakh |
20% |
10% |
| 7.5-10 Lakh |
20% |
15% |
| 10-12.5 Lakh |
30% |
|
| 12.5-15 Lakh |
30% |
25% |
| Above 15 Lakh |
30% |
30% |
- Around 70 of the existing exemptions and deductions (more than 100) to be removed in the new simplified
- Remaining exemptions and deductions to be reviewed and rationalised in coming years.
- New tax regime to be optional – an individual may continue to pay tax as per the old regime and avail deductions and exemptions.
- Measures to pre-fill the income tax return initiated so that an individual who opts for the new regime gets pre-filled income tax returns and would need no assistance from an expert to pay income
- New regime to entail estimated revenue forgone of Rs. 40,000 crore per
- Corporate Tax:
- Tax rate of 15% extended to new electricity generation
- Indian corporate tax rates now amongst the lowest in the world.
- Dividend Distribution Tax (DDT):
- DDT removed making India a more attractive investment
- Deduction to be allowed for dividend received by holding company from its subsidiary.
- 25,000 crore estimated annual revenue forgone.
- Start-ups:
- Start-ups with turnover up to Rs. 100 crore to enjoy 100% deduction for 3 consecutive assessment years out of 10
- Tax payment on ESOPs
- MSMEs to boost less-cash economy:
- Turnover threshold for audit increased to Rs. 5 crore from Rs. 1 crore for businesses carrying out less than 5% business transactions in
- Cooperatives:
- Parity brought between cooperatives and corporate
- Option to cooperative societies to be taxed at 22% + 10% surcharge and 4% cess with no exemption/deductions.
- Cooperative societies exempted from Alternate Minimum Tax (AMT) just like Companies are exempted from the Minimum Alternate Tax (MAT).
- Tax concession for foreign investments:
- 100% tax exemption to the interest, dividend and capital gains income on investment made in infrastructure and priority sectors before 31st March, 2024 with a minimum lock-in period of 3 years by the Sovereign Wealth Fund of foreign
- Affordable housing:
- Additional deduction up to Rs. 1.5 lakhs for interest paid on loans taken for an affordable house extended till 31st March,
- Date of approval of affordable housing projects for availing tax holiday on profits earned by developers extended till 31st March,
Tax Facilitation Measures
- Instant PAN to be allotted online through Aadhaar.
- ‘Vivad Se Vishwas’ scheme, with a deadline of 30th June, 2020, to reduce litigations in direct taxes:
- Waiver of interest and penalty – only disputed taxes to be paid for payments till 31st March,
- Additional amount to be paid if availed after 31st March,
- Benefits to taxpayers in whose cases appeals are pending at any
- Faceless appeals to be enabled by amending the Income Tax
- For charity institutions:
- Pre-filling in return through information of donations furnished by the
- Process of registration to be made completely
- Unique registration number (URN) to be issued to all new and existing charity institutions.
- Provisional registration to be allowed for new charity institutions for three
- CBDT to adopt a Taxpayers’
- Losses of merged banks:
- Amendments proposed to the Income-tax Act to ensure that entities benefit from unabsorbed losses and depreciation of the amalgamating
Indirect Tax
- GST:
- Cash reward system envisaged to incentivise customers to seek
- Simplified return with features like SMS based filing for nil return and improved input tax credit flow to be implemented from 1st April, 2020 as a pilot run.
- Dynamic QR-code capturing GST parameters proposed for consumer
- Electronic invoice to capture critical information in a centralized system to be implemented in a phased manner.
- Aadhaar based verification of taxpayers being introduced to weed out dummy or non-existent
- GST rate structure being deliberated to address inverted duty
- Customs Duties:
- Customs duty raised on footwear to 35% from 25% and on furniture goods to 25% from 20%.
- Basic customs duty on imports of news print and light-weight coated paper reduced from 10% to 5%.
- Customs duty rates revised on electric vehicles and parts of
- 5% health cess to be imposed on the imports of medical devices, except those exempt from
- Lower customs duty on certain inputs and raw materials like fuse, chemicals, and plastics.
- Higher customs duty on certain goods like auto-parts, chemicals, etc. which are also being made
- Trade Policy Measures
- Customs Act being amended to enable proper checks of imports under
- Rules of Origin requirements to be reviewed for certain sensitive
- Provisions relating to safeguard duties to be strengthened to enable regulating such surge in imports in a systematic
- Provisions for checking dumping of goods and imports of subsidized goods being strengthened.
- Suggestions for reviews of exemptions from customs duty to be crowd-sourced.
- Excise duty proposed to be raised on Cigarettes and other tobacco products, no change made in the duty rates of bidis.
- Anti-dumping duty on PTA abolished to benefit the textile
Unprecedented Milestones and Achievements of Indian Economy
- India now the fifth largest economy of the
- 4% average growth clocked during 2014-19 with inflation averaging around 4.5%.
- 271 million people raised out of poverty during 2006-16.
- India’s Foreign Direct Investment elevated to US$ 284 billion during 2014-19 from US$ 190 billion during 2009-14.
- Central Government debt reduced to 48.7% of GDP (March 2019) from 52.2% (March 2014).
- Two cross-cutting developments:
- Proliferation of technologies (Analytics, Machine Learning, robotics, Bio- informatics and Artificial Intelligence).
- Highest ever number of people in the productive age group (15-65 years) in
- GST removed many bottlenecks in the
Future Aim for sustaining India’s unique global leadership, driven by Digital Revolution
- Seamless delivery of services through Digital Governance.
- Improvement in physical quality of life through National Infrastructure Pipeline.
- Risk mitigation through Disaster Resilience.
- Social security through Pension and Insurance
Source: PIB
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